Personality Essays (245 words) - American Psychologists,

Personality Freud, Piaget, Erikson, and Maslow are the last name of prominent psychologists. They have all gone to great lengths to develop their own unique theories. The theories that they have created, pertaining to personality, happen to be the four best-known theories of personality growth. Sigmund Freud developed the Psychoanalytic Approach. It centers on how instincts propel development. Freud Suggested a chain-reaction would occur if a child had a difficulty in a certain point in life. He identified five development stages from birth to the middle of adolescence. One who was influenced by Sigmund Freud was Jean Piaget. He focused on the stages of intellectual development in children. He found that the responses of children and the peers to questions on many subjects to be quite similar. Erik Erikson examined development in terms of social reinforcement. Erikson believed that a person's progress and development depended upon his or her social relations at key points in life. Erikson also created eight stages called social development stages. Abraham Maslow was another developer of an important theory. Maslow believed that human needs were classified into different levels. He came up with the idea that the lower basic needs, in the human needs pyramid, need to be met before more complex needs can be fulfilled. All of these psychologists created great theories that are used widely today. These people contributed a great amount in their research. They did so because they never gave up. Health and Beauty Essays

How to Use and Where to Find a Helpful and Simple IEEE Format Example

How to Use and Where to Find a Helpful and Simple IEEE Format Example Students who choose computer science classes should be familiar with the IEEE reference style and format their assigned paper accordingly. You need to master it, no matter if you study programming, information technologies, web communication, computer science, management, or similar disciplines. Find a good IEEE format example to make things easier. It will provide you with useful information and a list of helpful suggestions and guidelines to write your next text correctly. What is the IEEE format? This question is often asked by confused students who need some guides. The IEEE is a professional organization that supports different IT and engineering fields, and it has established its own writing manual to let both professionals and students in relevant areas organize their references and writing works. Read this important journal to get a clearer idea of basic rules. Check out a brilliant IEEE format example to understand that this style consists of two crucial elements: References; In-text direct and indirect citations. What are in-text citations? They are brief quotes taken from both secondary and primary sources, and you need to number them in square brackets. Each number identifies a complete citation listed in your bibliography or works cited list, but many students call such citations references. A list of references is in their numerical order. The IEEE manual is lengthy and complex, and that’s why you should read this brief guide because it will help you save time in the end. ORDER PAPER IN IEEE FORMAT How to cite in the IEEE format? Each reference must have its corresponding IEEE citation in the main body of your research paper or academic essay. What is the difference between indirect and direct in-text citations? The main difference is that direct citations duplicate original quotes, while the indirect ones are the same ideas paraphrased by you. Each time you want to add a citation, insert a specific number within square brackets to help readers find complete references on your reference page. Make sure that it’s a separate section of your assignment. A complete IEEE format reference contains the information necessary to help other people find more details about your discussed subject with ease, including: Publication places and dates; Full titles; Authors’ initials and surnames; Some smaller details, such as page numbers or volumes. Corresponding numbers should show up before every reference. How to create IEEE citations? In-text citations shouldn’t necessarily contain such details as quotes pages, authors’ names, or publication dates, and you can mention sources using special numbers in a bracket line. It must match a complete citation in your bibliography. Insert in-text citations to back up major arguments in the main body (before any punctuation and with a space before opening brackets). Number all sources in the order you mention them. After referencing and assigning numbers to them, feel free to use the same corresponding numbers each time you need to quote these sources in your paper. If you cite many sources simultaneously, apply the best approach and provide every number separately (in brackets and use dashes or commas between numbers). Most experts apply the same formatting approach. How to write your reference page? Based on IEEE formatting requirements, a page that contains your full bibliography is called a reference list or page, and you need to put in at the end of your writing project. The basic goal that it serves is to provide full citations for each source that you use to describe in-text citations. Add all references in their numerical sequence. Don’t forget to include their bracketed numbers at the beginning. Follow these simple rules: Word "References" is the title of this page (you can either align it left at the top or put it in the center); Use a hanging indent for each reference with numbers in brackets to identify the right numerical order; The titles of your cited sources, including magazines, newspapers, articles, or others, should be in quotation marks; The titles of all works should be in italics; List surnames and initials as authors’ names. PLACE YOUR ORDER HERE Where to find excellent examples? The IEEE updates its writing manual on a regular basis. You should visit its official website to know all the changes made to such vital format elements as: Footnotes; Abbreviations; Punctuation; Section headings; Biographies; Tags Equations and numbers; Capitalization. How to style and cite references? There are some basic rules that remain the same, regardless of new editions, and they concern: Direct quotes; Findings, data, tables, and graphics. Place a text from your sources in quotation marks. Add quotations to original sources, summarize or rewrite them, and come up with citations when making a summary of or restating data from them, including claims, ideas, verdicts, and research. Cite your original sources when adapting, referring to, and taking any information from them to format your academic paper successfully and earn high grades. Why is citing essential for your academic performance? Some students don’t gain the point of citing. It’s an important element of academic writing for different reasons: Plagiarism is a big problem, and incorrect citing equals to it; Formatting plays a huge role in final grades; Full references help readers to conduct their research and learn more about specific problems; It’s unethical to steal the words of other authors. You shouldn’t count on your good marks if you fail to cite your sources of information based on IEEE formatting rules. What if you need expert help? Turn to our team of qualified and experienced writers because they will help you format all papers and do other things for you.

Using MindMaps to Learn English Vocabulary

Using MindMaps to Learn English Vocabulary MindMaps are one of my favorite tools for helping students learn new vocabulary. I also frequently use MindMaps to think creatively for other projects that Im working on. MindMaps help us to learn visually.   Create a MindMap Creating a MindMap can take some time. However, it doesnt need to be complicated. A MindMap can be simple: Take a piece of paper and group vocabulary by theme, for example, school.   Who are the people at school?What kind of objects are in the classroom?What are the different types of classes?Which jobs do the people at school have?Which different types of students are there? Once you have created a MinMap you can expand. For example, from the above example with school, I could create a whole new area for the vocabulary used in each subject. MindMaps for Work English Lets apply these concepts to the workplace. If you are learning English in order to improve the English you use at work. You might want to consider the following subjects for a MindMap Titles of ColleaguesTitles of Customers / ClientsActions (verbs)Equipment I use EverydayMy ResponsibilitiesImportant Phrases to Use When Writing Emails In this example, you could expand on each category. For example, you could branch off categories from Colleagues to include what they do, or you could build out the vocabulary for each type of equipment you use at work. The most important factor is to let your mind guide you as you group vocabulary. Youll not only improve your English vocabulary, but you will quickly gain a better understanding of how the various items in your MindMaps interact. MindMaps for Important Combinations Another way to use a MindMap for vocabulary is to focus on grammar constructions when creating your MindMap. Lets take a look at verb combinations. I could arrange a MindMap using these categories: Verbs Gerund (ing form - doing)Verbs Infinitive (to do)Verbs Pronoun Base Form (do)Verbs Pronouns Infinitive (to do)   MindMaps for Collocations Another vocabulary activity that MindMaps can really help with is learning collocations. Collocations are words that are commonly used together. For example, take the word information. Information is a very general term, and we have all sorts of specific types of information. Information is also a noun. When working on collocations with nouns there are three main areas of vocabulary to learn: adjectives/verb noun/noun verb. Here are the categories for our MindMap: Adjective InformationInformation NounVerb InformationInformation Verb You can expand this MindMap on information further by exploring specific collocations with information used in specific professions. The next you start focusing on vocabulary, try to start using a MindMap. Start off on a piece of paper and become used to organizing your vocabulary in this manner. Next, start using a MindMap program. This will take some extra time, but you will quickly become used to learning vocabulary with this aid. Print off a MindMap and show it to some other students. Im sure theyll be impressed. Perhaps, your grades will start improving as well. In any case, using MindMaps will certainly make learning new vocabulary in English much easier than just writing down words on a list! Now that you understand the use of MindMaps, you can download a free version to create your own MindMaps by searching for Freemind, an easy-to-use open source software program. Now that you understand how to use MindMaps for learning new vocabulary and grammar, youll need some help on how to  create vocabulary lists. Teachers can use this reading comprehension MindMapping lesson to help students apply these technics in reading to help improve comprehension.

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Consumers who generally like to spend their memorable holidays in the countryside resorts experience more personalized travel experience in terms of lodging, special food dishes and many other benefits. Basically resorts are more expensive than hotels and these are preferred by the niche segment of people with higher disposable income. Therefore, these types of consumers generally prefer to get customized or personalized services especially for their recreation purpose. Taste and preference of customers is continuous changing factor and it is one of the most important areas where the businesses need to focus. In the hospitality industry, the businesses have been identifying gradual change of service expectation from the customers. There are three major drivers behind this change. These three drivers are educated demanding customers, adoption of new technology in hospitality industry and globalization. These drivers stimulate the demand of hospitality service by the customers and also are the main reasons for their new personalized service demand from mainly the hotels and resorts. Resort vacation has becoming more demanding tourism service. It has been identified by many researches in tourism industry that resorts are becoming more preferable by the potential consumers with high disposable income. Therefore, it can be forecasted that in the coming decade, the consumers will prefer resorts vacation more than hotels. This is because resorts vacation is a complete tourism package which including travelling, foods, logging and other entertainment services. Resorts provide more customized and personalized services than hotels. Consumers with comparatively high income level prefer to spent vacation with their families at least two to three times in a year. Therefore, they generally select locations far from the crowded cities like country sides, sea and heal areas. Resorts are generally developed in those areas with natural beauty

Why is Writing for Radio and Television Different than Writing for an Essay

Why is Writing for Radio and Television Different than Writing for an Actual Newspaper or Magazine - Essay Example Various genres exist within conventional creative writing – prominent among them are novels, short stories, poetry and plays. Hence, both the medium and the genre combine to lay a set of guidelines for the writer. The rest of the essay will outline those guidelines and also provide examples. With the advent of long distance telecommunication technology during the early twentieth century, radio took off as the most sought after public broadcast medium. Writing for radio then became a specialized field for there are unique qualities associated with a purely aural mode of communication. This posed challenges as well as opportunities to writers and broadcasters. Those pioneers who conquered this new horizon in writing established a genre that was both refreshing and demanding. For example, listening to a play in the radio is quite different to watching it onstage. The playwright will have to supplement through audio the events on stage that are not accounted in words. In other wor ds, special audio effects to reflect transpirations on stage became important. Hence, writers had to pay more attention to detail and try to incorporate various kinds of information into the aural form. What radio writers also did was to improve the attention span and concentration of the audience, for the narrative tends to be information packed and tightly plotted to maximize content output. Coming to creative writing for television, the rules are not as rigorous as that applicable to radio writing, for the genre draws many of its rules from motion pictures. This is especially true with respect to soap operas, sitcoms and other televised entertainment. The British Broadcasting Corporation, which has mastered both radio and TV drama over the years, has the following to say about good TV drama writing: â€Å"TV is easy to turn off or turn over, so open your story as dynamically as you can. Try to hook the interest of the audience as soon as possible so that they will want to stay t uned and, if there are more episodes to come, will want to keep tuning in. Ask yourself if there’s a strong enough sense of character, drama, and story to sustain an audience’s engagement.† (www.bbc.co.uk, 2012) But, when it comes to news coverage in television, the main focus tends to be the headlines, with sound bites and video footage complementing the scrolling text. Television talk shows, on the other hand, have now become a time-tested concept that can succeed with even basic recording technology. We’ll now see how writing for radio and television is different to writing for newspaper and magazines. The printed word has always proven to be more powerful in expressing complex thought or argument. Hence, the media of magazines and newspapers are more apt for carrying out in-depth analysis of public issues. Writing for the print media also requires a greater command over vocabulary, grammar and usage. Hence, writing for publications is far more challeng ing and exacting than writing for television or radio. It is only those intellectuals who can perform incisive analyses that make it to editorial pages of major newspapers. Reporting for print media, on the other hand, is usually about following a set format or template, which doesn’t require high analytic skills. The following tips will come handy to the news or opinion writer: â€Å"The opening line of the article must grab the reader’s attention straight away. This is no different to any other form of writing: a story must hook the reader in a very short space of time...this hook must be the first sentence, not the second or the third...Another crucial point here is the length of the opening sentence. The word count needs to be no more than twenty-two words for your

Medulla Oblongata: Function and Location

Medulla Oblongata: Function and Location Medulla oblongata The medulla oblongata is a very interesting part of the brain. This very small section of the brain stem has a very large amount of responsibility in the human body. Studies concerning this section help in the understanding of many basic biological functions of the body. Some of the actions are ones that we dont even notice are happening on a day-to-day basis but are very important to human life. The medulla oblongata has many different connections with other areas of the brain, plays a key role in several functions of the body, has neurotransmitters that are involved in the functioning of this area, has diseases that can greatly affect its roles in the body. The medulla oblongata has many connections to other areas of the brain. The medulla oblongata is the most inferior portion of the brainstem and is about three centimeters long. It slightly bulges out of the brain stem. It is located in between the pons and the spinal cord. The axons that carry sensory information to and motor instructions from the higher brain regions pass through the brainstem. It creates tracts that allow communication to pass through from certain sides of the brain. These tracts house fibers that cross each other in pyramidal region of the medulla oblongata allowing the brain to communicate with the opposite of the body. Vital nuclei located in the gray matter of the medulla oblongata are used for cranial nerves. The medulla oblongata has many different functions in the body. These functions are being performed at all hours of the day, many of them without contribution from other sections of the brain. One main function is relaying signals between the brain and the spinal cord. The medulla helps with coordinating very large body movements liking jogging or climbing. The medulla houses portions of the brain that control what is considered automatic homeostatic functions as well as some primitive organs (Campbell and Reece 2008). The cardiac portion constantly sends inhibitory impulses to the heart to tell it to slow down. This portion also sends acceleratory impulses through the spinal nerves to make the heart beat faster whenever it may be necessary. The vasomotor portion sends impulses via spinal nerves through the spinal cord to muscles walls around arteries causing them to constrict. This constriction of arteries will cause blood pressure to rise. The respiratory portion houses respiratory nuclei that control the depth and rate of breathing. The medulla oblongata also plays a role in reflex responses. The capability to respond quickly to a stimulus can be very important when there is a need to survive. Reflex responses include swallowing, sneezing, vomiting, coughing, and digestion. A lot of these functions are involuntary or start off voluntary and then transform in to involuntary functions. The activity of the medulla oblongata rely on axons that reach many areas of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum, releasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. When under stress, norepinephrine relays messages to the brain that control reflex reactions and ability to pay attention. Like epinephrine, norepinephrine also triggers the fight-or-flight response. The fight-or-flight response is directly related to heart rate. It causes glucose from energy being stored to be released and blood flow to increase to muscles that enable the body to react as necessary. Norepinephrine raises blood pressure when used as a drug. This raise in blood pressure causes a correlated drop in heart rate. Dopamine, another neurotransmitter in the brain, opens dopamine receptors also affecting blood pressure and heart rate. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that deals with mood. Excessive aggressive, sadness, or jealousy is linked to the medulla oblongata. Acetylcholine is used in the motor division and cross over in the medulla oblongata. It is involved in muscle movement, autonomic body functions, and excitatory reactions. Many diseases and disorders affect the medulla oblongata. One disorder is a very rare and often fatal medullar abscess (Wait 2009). A medullar abscess is viewed as a condition of rapidly progressive multiple cranial nerve palsies and decreased level of consciousness (Wait 2009). Multiple system atrophy is a neurological disorder that degenerates nerves cells located in areas of the brain including the medulla oblongata. This disease can cause the loss of control of autonomic functions such as bladder control, movement, and coordination (Benarroch 1997). Damage to the medulla oblongata can cause several functions of the body to be thrown off and even death. Because cranial nerves run through this section of the brain injury there can cause several sensory problems. For instance, injury can cause numbness or paralysis of the palate and throat causing drooling and a lack of taste. This numbness can also obviously cause problems with speech. It can also cause gagging, inability to rotate the neck, and acid reflux. Surprisingly if a person suffers from brain damage their body can still function if the medulla oblongata is not damaged. However, damage to the medulla oblongata can cause the need for a breathing machine or other life support equipment. If the medulla oblongata is damaged sometimes the brain and body can recover and no longer need the use of a life support machine, but often the body cannot recover and a person is considered to be brain dead. In this stage, the removal of a life support machine will mean a persons body will no longer function and that person will die. A great assortment of medications and drugs can also alter the state of the medulla oblongata. Overdoses usually result in death because the medulla oblongata cannot carry out its functions under that amount of a specific drug. Opiates, coma, and hypothermia can affect the medulla oblongata in ways that cause the body to exude physical conditions comparable to death. Anesthesia is able to function as it does because its chemical components cause the medulla oblongata to decrease its autonomic functions. References Benarroch E, Smithson I. 1997. Distribution and relationships of neuropeptide y and NADPH-Ddiaphorase in human ventrolateral medulla oblongata. J Auto Nerv Sys. 62(3): 143-146. Hashimoto M, Hatasa M, Shinoda S. 1992. Medulla oblongata germinoma in association with Klinefelter syndrome. Surg Neur. 37(5): 384-387. Wait S, Beres E, Nakaji P. 2009. Bacterial abscess of the medulla oblongata. J Clin Neur. 16(8): 1082-1084. Campbell A, Reece J. 2008. Biology. 8th ed. San Francisco (CA): Benjamin Cummings. 1245.

Gender Ideologies in Local Context Essay

Present essay deals with analysis of gender ideologies’ functioning in certain local contexts. The latter is discussed through the prism of interactionist approach, which seems to be the most effective in terms of describing micro-level at which gender ideologies function. It provides with possibilities for studying how performative, discourse and social strategies of actors realized in local contexts are embedded in general gender ideology framework. For the present analysis a bar was chosen as the local context, where field study was conducted and gender ideologies’ reflection in interactions between men and women were analyzed. The central research question of this paper, hence, may be formulated as follows: how do gender ideologies shape interactions between men and women in bar or night club? Gender ideologies in local contexts: interactionist approach. Gender ideologies represent certain social and cultural constructs, which structure the perception of female and masculine identities, societal roles, family status and production relations etc (Philips, 2). Gender ideologies should be understood as a product of social structure, which fosters different roles of men and women in society. For instance, it may be said that currently dominant perception of women in society was formed within predominantly patriarchal discourse. Paradoxically, patriarchal perception of women affects their own gender ideology and identity, which often corresponds with socially constructed identity. Hence, women’s interactions with men are affected by the absence of their organic self-identity – they are forced to interact within the discourse created by men. However, the latter is realized through women’s own discursive system, which may be described as the micro-level of gender ideology. As Lakoff suggests, women and men learn their distinct languages from the childhood, which being the part of universal language, in fact reflect different identities in gender interactions (Lakoff, 222). Interactions, according to interactionist approach are based on endowing of certain subjective actions of the Other with meaning and symbols (Blumer, 45). In gender interactions, such meaning is ascribed to actions, based on gender ideologies. For instance, as Lakoff suggests of women’s discourse, ‘If she refuses to talk like a lady, she is ridiculed and subjected to criticism as unfeminine’ (Lakoff, 222). The latter example shows that gender ideologies are genuinely embedded in gender interactions, because they form the frame of understanding, actions’ meaning and behavior. Moreover, as Lakoff suggests, there exist considerable differences between women’s and men’s use of vocabulary, especially as far as the use of strong words, adjectives and particles are concerned (Lakoff, 223-224). The latter may be evident in any local context, including gender interactions in bar or nightclub, as it would be shown. Any local context activates specific aspects of gender ideology. According to Philips, notwithstanding culture, ‘There are at least four aspects of human experience that regularly enter into gender ideologies. These include work, appearance, sexuality and reproduction’ (Philips, 8). There is no denying the importance of the fact, that in the interactionist context, analyzed in this paper, such aspects as sexuality and appearance come into play in the first place. Based on these general theoretic considerations concerning gender ideologies let us analyze their reflection in concrete location’s context of bar, based on the empirical data collected in the field study. Gender Ideologies in gender interactions in bar Field research for this study was conducted in Dirtbags Bar and Grille in Tucson, AZ on June 1, 2009 during 10:30-Midnight. The data collection orientation focused on observing how gender ideologies affect gender interactions in this situational context. The first observation includes objective behavioral patterns of men and women during their visit to bar. It was established as a fact, that men may arrive to bar both in 3-4 individuals groups and alone. Women, as the field study found never arrive alone, but only with their boyfriend of female friend. The latter situation may be interpreted through the prism of Butler’s approach to gender identity construction. According to Buttler, identity is constructed based on repetition of certain behavioral patterns, gestures, discourses etc (Butler, 519). The latter implies that social structures, existing in society already provide women with stable behavioral orientations, taught to them by their families, older friends. One of such behavioral codes, which are immediately linked to gender ideology may be described as the cultural taboo for visiting entertainment public places alone. Such taboo is connected first of all with institutionalized male perception of women, being alone in the bar or night club, as the invitation for sexual relations. Based on this perception, visiting bar alone for women automatically means moral fault, since she is immediately associated with prostitute etc. Unlike women’s case, in men’s gender ideology the problem of man’s visiting bar alone does not exist, since it is not problematized as gender issue at all. Therefore, it is evident that men have more behavioral options and may choose between them to one’s own like. Buttler suggests that gender identities and ideologies are constructed through theatrical and performative interactions (Buttler, 520). The latter is particular evident in women’s focus on their dress, while visiting the bar. Women are more prone to put the emphasis on their own clothes and comment on the apparels of their female friends. They often made complements concerning good dress of each other. As the same time, men regularly have no tendency to comment on the clothes of their male friends. Instead, they often make complements to women concerning their dress. The latter observations show that gender ideology functions through performative and theatrical behavior reflected in the culture of dressing. Men are relatively indifferent to what their friends wear, however, pay much attention to what women wear. The performative and theatrical role of gender ideologies is also evident in women and men behavior, when they enter the bar. Women express much more willingness to be noticed by public, including both men and women, as they immediately look for people they know. Unlike, women, men seem to be less tied by any social obligations as they often go straight to the bar and order drinks and only after this greet people they know. Moreover, a bar serves for men a spot to sit down, while women prefer staying near the bar and being attentive to what is going on around them. Gender ideological conventions concerning sexuality are also evident in the types of drinks ordered by men and women. First of all, male gender ideology is obvious in the wide-spread practice of ordering drinks by men for women, especially as the part of acquaintance or showing sexual interest. Such behavior is often welcomed by women, who are embedded in gender ideologies of men, because women are prone to interpret such attention as the marker of sympathy and often use it in their own interest. As far as the type of beverages, drunk by men and women are concerned, men usually do not differentiate between different drinks, while women often order low calorie beverages such as ‘diet coke and Bacardi’ or sugar free redbull. The latter shows that the majority of women are embedded in the discourse relating to their appearance and sexuality, which is according to Philips is one of the central aspects of gender ideology (Philips, 9). Women, embedded in gender ideology, try to follow its main conventions in any local context, including bar. Gender interactions in bar are also characterized by both and men and women behavior directed at emphasizing correspondingly their femininity and masculinity. Men in the conversation with women always try to lower the pitch of their voices, while women often raise it. As Tannen suggests, such strategies are inherently gender, because they are affected by existing ideological representations of femininity and masculinity (Tannen, 169). In these ideological representations masculinity is characterized by the low pitch of voice, which is associated with men authority and women’s high pitch, associated with her secondary role in society. Gender socialization patterns in bar are also very informative, as far as the reflection of gender ideologies is concerned. Women feel more comfortable always being in company either of their female or male friends. In contrast, men may be either alone or in company without any differentiation. For women being in company guarantees the stability of her identity, because she may fully realize her performative and theatrical patterns of behavior. In contrast, being alone often causes negative gender connotations. Gender interactions in a bar are predominantly initiated by men, when a member of a male group offers a drink to a woman or a group of women. Often women refuse such invitations, however, in a majority of cases they agree even if they feel compelled and uncomfortable in communicating with the large group of men. A man being alone, however, is less prone to initiate conversations with women, than if he finds himself in company. There is no denying the importance of the fact, that the discussed pattern of gender interactions in bar reflects certain features of dominant gender ideologies. As Butler suggests, gender interactions are regulated by social sanctions and taboos (Butler, 520). One of such taboos may be formulated as follows: women are generally not eligible to initiate gender interactions with men; such priority solely belongs to the latter due to their primary role in gender relations. The realization of this taboo is particularly evident in bar context, where women generally behave in such a manner in order to stimulate men’s interest, however, their own interests is hidden from public. A woman may be interested in communicating with a given man, however, due to certain gender limitations she is more likely to refuse from her ambitions. Moreover, men usually feel uncomfortable when gender interactions are initiated by women, because it is usually mocked up in his male company. Hence, it may be postulated that taboos and limitations relating to gender interactions exist both in male and female gender ideologies. If a woman and a man know each other they usually greet by hugs, kisses and even if they are not engaged in romantic relations, they often show some kind of flirting. In personal interactions between men and women gender ideologies are also evident in men’s primary role in initiating tactile closeness with women, especially after alcohol drinks, including closeness, flirt, kisses, hugs, joking etc. Women, interested in such gender interactions, would not hesitate to communicate and flirt. However, a woman, who feels uncomfortable in this situation, according to the field study conducted, tries to use any possibility to escape from such kind of interactions. Gender ideologies are also embedded in the purpose of men and women’ visiting bars. Men usually visit bars to chase after women and find the object of their sexual desires etc. Women may also visit bars in this purpose, however, their clear intentions are not seen so obviously as that of men, hence, we may speak of dubious nature of their purpose. Such distribution of gender roles clearly resonates with dominant gender ideology, according to which men have the priority in initiating close gender relations. As far as dancing practices in bars are concerned, men are less prone to dance alone; however, women have no qualms about it. Men prefer dancing if they want to initiate interactions with women – in such a case they dance close to her. Apart from this, gender interactions in bar are often characterized by age limitations. Older women rarely visit such kind of places; however, older men may be seen there more frequently. Conclusion Gender ideologies represent language reflection of certain social and behavioral patterns of men and women and society. They usually refer to different social roles, types of discourse, sanctions and taboos and behavior of men and women. The analysis of gender ideologies in local context of bar showed that they are reflected in concrete interactions. Men and women usually act according to well-established gender conventions of behavior, which are reflected in initiating interactions, purpose of bar visit, behavior in groups, intersexual behavior etc. Women seem to be considerably affected by their representation in men gender ideologies, which means that they have no behavioral choices. In contrast, men’s behavior is characterized by the possibility of choice between a wide range of options. Men may be either alone or with friends, initiate gender interactions or not etc. Women have virtually no choices: they have refuse from initiating interactions, positively respond to any men’s attempt to initiate communication, always be in a company etc. Moreover, gender interactions in bar reflect crucial social perceptions of women sexuality and appearance, which are the first aspect of gender coming into play in bar context. Women put emphasis on their appearance and clothes and often try to present their identity in performative and theatrical way, which according to Buttler, immediately links such kind of behavior to gender strategies. In contrast men, pay less attention to such things and behave in a more casual and free way. Finally, men’s behavior in a bar is regulated by the lesser number of social sanctions and taboos. References Blumer, Herbert (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press. Butler, Judith. (1988). ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory’. Theatre Journal. Vol. 40 # 4, (519-531). Lakoff, Robin. Extract from Language and Woman’s Place. Philips, Susan U. (1999). Gender Ideology, Cross Cultural Aspects. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"She is the Boss†: Women and Authority.